So today is my first class in "Composite and Polimer Manufacturing" and i want to share my note with you all.
so this is the example of composite material
sumber gambar :
http://web.tradekorea.com/upload_file/prod/marketing/mkt_files/company/a/alcopanel/img/oimg_GC00288103_CA00288105.jpg
Pict 1. Aluminum Composite
then let's talk about what is composite material
from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_material :
Composite materials, often shortened to
composites or called
composition materials, are engineered or naturally occurring materials made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical properties which remain separate and distinct within the finished structure.
Material Komposit atau lebih sering disebut dengan komposit adalah material yg dibuat secara teknik atau alami yang terkomposisi oleh dua atau lebih material yang memiliki ciri-ciri fisik dan kimia yang berbeda dengan kondisi tetap terpisah dan utuh pada struktur jadi dari material komposit.
Composite is compose from fiber and matrix (e.g resin)
Komposit terdiri dari fiber dan matriks (cth: resin)
fiber is used as a bone in structure and resin is used as a flesh of the compound.
fiber digunakan sebagai tulang dalam komposit dan resin sebagai dagingnya
a common fiber that used as composition of composite is fiberglass
bahan serat yang paling sering digunakan adalah fiberglass
Natural fiber that must be reconsidered to use in manufacturing is fiber from empty bunch of palm.
Serat alami yang perlu dipertimbangkan untuk digunakan dalam bidang manufaktur adalah serat dari tandan buah kosong kelapa sawit.
pict 2. empty bunch fiber
from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiberglass :
Fiberglass (or fibreglass) (also called
glass-reinforced plastic,
GRP,
glass-fiber reinforced plastic, or
GFRP), is a fiber reinforced polymer made of a plastic matrix reinforced by fine fibers of glass. It is also known as
GFK (for German:
Glasfaserverstärkter Kunststoff).
Fiberglass is a lightweight, extremely strong, and robust material. Although strength properties are somewhat lower than carbon fiber
and it is less stiff, the material is typically far less brittle, and
the raw materials are much less expensive. Its bulk strength and weight
properties are also very favorable when compared to metals, and it can
be easily formed using molding processes.
The plastic matrix may be epoxy, a thermosetting plastic (most often polyester or vinylester) or thermoplastic.
Fiberglass atau serat kaca adalah serat polimer yang diperkuat terbuat dari matriks plastik yang diperkuat oleh serat-serat kaca yang baik. Kekuatan serat kaca lebih rendah dari serat karbon dan kurang kaku tetapi material sangat tidak rapuh dan bahan mentahnya lebih murah untuk diperoleh. Karena kekuatan dan beratnya material ini sering dipilih jika dibandingkan dengan logam dan mudah dibentuk dengan menggunakanan cetakan.
Matriks plastik yang digunakana bisa epoxy, plastik thermoset (sering digunakan polyester dan vinylester ) atau thermoplastic.
This is the fiberglass that used in our lab
pict 23. fiberglass CSM ( Chop Strength Mat)
Pict 4. single fiberglass
Than let's talk about matrix that used
from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resin :
Resin in the most specific use of the term is a hydrocarbon secretion of many plants, particularly coniferous trees. Resins are valued for their chemical properties and associated uses, such as the production of varnishes, adhesives and food glazing agents. They are also prized as an important source of raw materials for organic synthesis, and as constituents of incense and perfume.
Resin adalah sekresi hidrokarbon dari beberapa tumbuhan , biasanya jenis pohon jarum (cth pohon cemara). Resin dihargai atas komposisi kimianya dan penggunaannya dalam pernis, bahan perekat dan bahan pelapis dalam makanan. Resin juga merupakan sumber bahan mentah penting untuk intesis organik dan bahan dasar dupa serta parfum.
Resin is divided to two which is termoplastic resin and thermoset resin
Resin terbagi dua yaitu resin thermoplastic dan resin thermoset.
This is the different
from http://www.sandwichpanels.org/articles/article_thermoplasticresin.html :
Thermoset resins generally come in liquid form, and when mixed with a
catalyst, a chemical reaction occurs forming a solid. Thermoset
molecules crosslink with each other during curing, thus once cured,
they cannot change. Below are features of thermoset resins.
Resin thermoset biasanya berbentuk cair dan ketika bercampur dengan bahan katalis membentuk benda padat. Thermoset saling berhubungan menyilang antar molekulnya ketika memadat, sehingga bentuknya tidak dapat diubah kembali. berikut merupakan ciri-ciri resin thermoset :
Thermoset Resin:
Pros
Easy to process and laminate
Does not necessarily need pressure or heat to form
Generally inexpensive
Generally stronger than thermoplastics
Generally better suited to higher temperatures then thermoplastics
Cons
Often release emissions known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
Cannot be recycled or reclaimed easily
Short workable pot life, with some exceptions
Less-than-perfect surface finish
Common Types of Themoset Resins
Epoxy
Polyester
Vinylester
Polyurethane
Phenolic
Thermoplastic resins have molecules that are generally
not crosslinked, meaning, the resin can be repeatedly melted and
reused. Usually, no chemical change occurs when thermoplastic is cured.
Thermoplastic resin usually starts out in solid pellet form, and
changes shape with the addition of heat and pressure. Below are
features of thermoplastic resins:
Resin thermoplastik mempunyai susunan molekul yang tidak menyilang yang menandakan bahan tersebut dapat dilelehkan dan digunakan kembali (dibentuk ulang). Biasanya tidak ada perubahan kimiawi ketika resin ini memadat. Resin thermoplastik biasanya dalam bentuk mimis padat dan berubah bentuk dengan penambahan panas dan tekanan. Berikut merupakan ciri-ciri resin thermoplastic :
Thermoplastic Resin
Pros
High Impact Strength
Attractive Surface Finish
Recyclable / Scrap is Reusable
No Emissions
Can bond to other thermoplastics
Can be molded or shaped with reheat
Cons
Generally softens with heat
More difficult to prototype
Common types of Thermoplastic Resins
Polyamide (PA or Nylon)
Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT)
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
Polycarbonate (PC)
Polyethylene (PE)
Polypropylene (PP)
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
and this all for my first class in "Composite and Polimer Manufacturing" hope it useful for everyone.
Thanks for reading